2011年9月9日金曜日

マルチウイルスキラー!その名もDRACO

マサチューセッツ工科大学(MIT)で画期的な新薬の研究が行われているようです。

少し前からネットで話題になっていたようですが、「複数種類のウイルスに対して有効に働く新薬」(その名もDRACO)の開発が本格的に進んでいるようです。

まだまだ、研究室での実験段階ですので、市場に出回るまでには10年単位での時間が必要になるかと思いますが、記事を見てみると、インフルエンザ、HIV、肝炎ウイルス、エボラや天然痘等にも対応しているようで、「ペニシリン依頼の発見」として注目を集めているようです。

基本的な仕組はいたって簡単なようで、



  • ウイルスは増殖する際に「二本鎖RNA」を作り出すが、ウイルスの宿主である動物は細胞分裂の際に「二本鎖RNA」を作り出すことはないため、「二本鎖RNA」を持っている細胞がウイルスに感染していることになる。
  • 「二本鎖RNA」を指標として確実にウイルスに感染している細胞を探し、その細胞に自己破壊命令を出す。

というもののようです。(基本的な仕組みは簡単でも、実際に実用段階に持って行くまでには非常に大変かもしれませんが・・・)


まだ研究室での実験段階ですので、実際に人体にとって安全な薬であるかどうか、HSVウイルスに有効かどうかわかりませんが、10年後には期待できるかもしれませんね!

技術の進歩というものはすごいものですね!


複数のウイルスに効く新薬開発
August 23, 2011

人間や動物の細胞に感染するさまざまなタイプのウイルスを探し出して殺してしまう新しい薬が発表された。11種の哺乳類の15種類のウイルスを殺せるという。冬の鼻風邪の原因ウイルスから命に関わる病気を引き起こすウイルスまで、1つの薬で幅広いウイルスに対する効果が示されたのは初めてのことだ。
複数のウイルスに効く新薬開発



Greatest discovery since penicillin: A cure for everything - from colds to HIV


Last updated at 8:21 AM on 11th August 2011


Scientists think they may be on the verge of transforming medicine after developing a new drug which could put an end to viruses like the common cold and flu.
Scientists are developing a new drug which may cure viruses like the common cold
Scientists may have found a cure for the  common cold, flu, HIV –  and almost any other virus you can think of. 
A drug that homes in on infected cells and makes them self-destruct has been created in the laboratory. 
Its hit list includes human rhinoviruses – the bugs behind half of colds in adults and almost all colds in children – flu, polio, a stomach bug and deadly dengue fever.
But the drug, known by the acronym DRACO, is also expected to zap measles and German measles, cold sores, rabies and even HIV – and could be on pharmacy shelves in a decade.
Researcher Mike Rider said: ‘It’s certainly possible that there’s some virus that we aren’t able to treat but we haven’t found it yet.
'The discovery of antibiotics revolutionised the treatment of bacterial infections and we hope that this will revolutionise the treatment of viral infections. 
‘There aren’t very many anti-viral drugs out there at the moment.’  
Dr Rider, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the U.S., has exploited cells’ natural defences against infection.
When viruses infect the body, they hijack cells’ internal machinery to make copy after copy of themselves. During this procedure they create long double-stranded strings of the genetic material RNA.
Our cells usually defend themselves by making proteins that latch on to the RNA and stop the virus from breeding.
But many viruses can outsmart this defence system.
So Dr Rider has also harnessed a second natural process called apoptosis, in which diseased cells commit suicide.


Scientists think they may be on the verge of transforming medicine after developing a new drug which could put an end to viruses like the common cold and flu.
The bottom row of images show viruses killing untreated human cells, but in the top pictures the drug used means there is no infection and cells are clear


So Dr Rider has also harnessed a second natural process called apoptosis, in which diseased cells commit suicide.  
His drug homes in on cells with double-stranded RNA, stops the infection in its tracks and then kills the cells to finish off the infection.
What is more, healthy cells are untouched, the journal PLoS ONE reports.
In lab tests, DRACO killed 15 viruses, including germs behind the common cold and two types of flu. It also saved the lives of mice given a dose of flu that should have killed them.
Amazingly, it works so quickly that if taken early enough it should stop any symptoms from appearing. Tests show it also wards off viruses, meaning it could stop people from becoming ill in the first place.
British experts welcomed the breakthrough but warned that the drug works in such an unusual way that it would have to go through years of testing before it is considered safe enough to test on people for the first time.

THE DRACOs TECHNOLOGY: HOW IT WORKS

Woman in lab with rubber gloves placing sample in Petri dish
Many viruses can outsmart human cells natural defence system - but this technology doesn't let it
When viruses infect a cell, they take over its cellular machinery for their own purpose - to create more copies of the virus
During this process, the viruses create long strings of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is not found in human or other animal cells
As part of their natural defence, human cells have proteins that latch onto dsRNA, setting off a cascade of reactions that stops the virus from replicating itself
But, many viruses can outsmart that system by blocking one of the steps further down the cascade
This new technology works by combining a dsRNA-binding protein with another protein that makes cells undergo apoptosis (programmed cell suicide) — launched, for example, when a cell determines it is en route to becoming cancerous
So, when one end of the DRACO binds to dsRNA, it signals the other end of the DRACO to initiate cell suicide
Each DRACO also includes a 'delivery tag,' taken from naturally occurring proteins, that allows it to cross cell membranes and enter any human or animal cell.
However, if no dsRNA is present, DRACO leaves the cell unharmed.


Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2024492/Greatest-discovery-penicillin-Scientists-work-drug-cure-viruses--including-flu.html#ixzz1XPie8P7v

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